Occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) are rehabilitative care used to improve the condition or quality of life following injury, surgery, or illness. OT and PT allow older adults to build strength and recover from or adapt to physical and cognitive changes, but the ideal candidates for each depend on individual circumstances.
Because occupational therapy and physical therapy overlap in their treatment, it can sometimes be challenging to differentiate between them. In this article, we’ll examine some similarities and differences between these therapies.
What’s the Difference Between Occupational & Physical Therapy?
Generally, physical therapists specialize in how the body moves. They work with patients to help improve or restore mobility. Occupational therapists adopt a more holistic approach, equipping patients to manage daily activities, which is central to what occupational therapy entails for seniors. Here are some specific ways these two therapies are similar—and their differences.
How OT and PT Help Seniors Regain Independence
Occupational therapy and physical therapy share many similarities. Both therapies have the same purpose: to improve overall function and quality of life. Both therapies start with an evaluation to determine individual goals and needs based on your condition. From there, your occupational or physical therapist will map out a course of therapy. This often includes stretches or exercises that build strength, reduce pain, and promote independence.
It’s also not uncommon for occupational and physical therapists to work together to provide the best course of treatment for their patients. Occupational and physical therapists both set patient goals tied to performing movements or completing activities, monitor progress and make adjustments along the way.
“At The Waterford, we combine a holistic approach to assess cognitive and physical impairments in order to optimize maximum engagement with mobility and daily routine,” says Deena West, Occupational Therapy Program Director at The Waterford’s Health Center. “Physical therapists focus more on ambulation and the musculature involved with that activity, while occupational therapy focuses on independent functioning of self-care tasks and daily living skills.”
Differences Between OT and PT
When identifying the differences between occupational therapy and physical therapy, it is helpful to examine how the professional associations for each therapy define the roles associated with it.
The American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) defines an occupational therapist as someone who “helps people across the lifespan to do the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of daily activities.” Meanwhile, the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) describes physical therapists as “movement experts who improve the quality of life through prescribed exercise, hands-on care and patient education.”
“PT will typically address lower body strength and balance deficits, which affect transfers and mobility,” West explains. “OT will typically address deficits that affect the self–performance in activities of daily living. These include dressing, toileting, grooming, hygiene and higher-level tasks, such as cooking, laundry and home management.”
Should I See an Occupational Therapist or a Physical Therapist?
If you need help deciding whether to consult an occupational therapist or a physical therapist, it’s essential to consider what you aim to achieve through therapy. Occupational therapy helps individuals regain or enhance their ability to perform daily activities, promoting overall independence. On the other hand, physical therapy focuses on improving mobility and the functions necessary for day-to-day life. Your healthcare provider can offer guidance on which type of therapy might suit your needs better.
Reasons to See an Occupational Therapist
Occupational therapy is ideal for anyone recovering from injury or surgery, managing persistent pain, or dealing with neurological conditions like strokes. It’s also tailored to address joint ailments such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, various hand conditions including carpal tunnel syndrome, and mental health issues like depression or anxiety. It can also help adults with Alzheimer’s or dementia maintain their cognitive functions and daily living skills, significantly enhancing their quality of life.
Beyond physical recovery, occupational therapy impacts emotional well-being, which is especially beneficial for those recuperating from surgery or chronic ailments. It boosts mental health by empowering patients to regain autonomy in their daily lives, which can alleviate depression and heighten satisfaction with life.
Reasons to See a Physical Therapist
Physical therapy is for those looking to refine motor skills essential for daily tasks like writing or buttoning shirts. It also supports individuals who need mobility aids like wheelchairs and walkers, teaching them to manage daily transitions safely—for instance, moving in and out of bed. Physical therapists craft personalized exercise regimes that enhance flexibility, lessen pain, and facilitate a return to work or community volunteering, helping individuals reclaim their independence and normalcy.
Common Questions About OT and PT
What can an occupational therapist help with?
Occupational therapists can assist with everything from fine motor skills to recommending adaptive equipment for better independence.
How long does occupational therapy take?
The duration of therapy depends on individual needs but is typically outlined in an initial treatment plan. Doctors can monitor progress from there, and treatments can be altered as necessary.
Does insurance cover occupational therapy?
Most health insurance plans, including Medicare, cover occupational therapy services, but coverage details vary. Consult with your insurance provider to determine whether or not services are covered.
Can occupational therapy help with mental health?
Yes, occupational therapy can significantly benefit mental health by empowering individuals to overcome barriers to daily activities. This can improve mood, decrease anxiety, and reduce feelings of depression by increasing independence and self-efficacy. For those recovering from trauma or living with chronic conditions, occupational therapy provides essential strategies for coping with daily challenges.
How Therapy Can Help You Live Your Best Life at The Waterford
Understanding the differences between occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) is essential for anyone seeking to enhance their quality of life after an injury, surgery, or illness. Each treatment offers unique benefits based on individual health needs and goals.
If you or someone you care about is exploring options for occupational or physical therapy, or if you’re seeking comprehensive care, including skilled nursing and senior rehabilitation services, The Waterford is ready to help. Our dedicated team offers personalized care designed to meet your unique needs. For more information or to arrange a visit, please contact us today. At The Waterford, we’re committed to helping you live your best life every day.
